Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss in adults over 50 in developed countries. It affects the macula — the small central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision used for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. AMD does not cause total blindness, but severe central vision loss profoundly impacts quality of life and independence.

Dry vs. Wet AMD

AMD occurs in two primary forms:

  • Dry AMD (atrophic) — The most common form, accounting for about 85–90% of cases. It involves the gradual thinning and deterioration of the macula. Yellowish deposits called drusen accumulate under the retina, and retinal cells slowly atrophy. Dry AMD can progress slowly over years and may eventually convert to wet AMD.
  • Wet AMD (neovascular) — Less common but far more aggressive. Abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid and blood, causing rapid central vision distortion and loss. Wet AMD requires urgent treatment to prevent severe, irreversible damage.

Symptoms to Watch For

  • Blurred or distorted central vision — straight lines appearing wavy (a key warning sign of wet AMD)
  • Dark, blurry, or empty areas in the center of vision
  • Difficulty reading fine print or recognizing faces
  • Colors appearing less vivid or bright

Treatment and Management

There is currently no cure for dry AMD, but AREDS2 nutritional supplements (lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamins C and E, zinc) have been shown to significantly slow progression in intermediate and advanced cases. Wet AMD is treated with anti-VEGF injections (such as bevacizumab or ranibizumab) administered by a retina specialist, which can stabilize and sometimes improve vision when initiated promptly.

Lifestyle factors — including not smoking, maintaining a healthy diet rich in leafy greens and omega-3 fatty acids, and protecting eyes from UV and blue light — also play an important role in AMD prevention and management. Regular monitoring with OCT retinal imaging allows us to track any progression and respond quickly. Contact us to schedule your AMD evaluation.